2010-01-23

Edenics: the Semitic origin of English words by Isaac Mozeson

Edenics: Origins of language

By Isaac Mozeson

"I will restore to the peoples a pure language, that they may call upon the name of the Lord to serve him with one consent." - Zephaniah 3:9

If the link between the ear and the sense of balance is a relatively recent medical discovery, why is it that the ancient Hebrew language has the same linguistic root for both words? Science fiction, or science fact? Is Hebrew the first human language?

Only Hebrew language dynamics with its built-in synonym and antonym system explains why LeaF and FoLio (LF=FL) mean the same, or why a person who knows Hebrew well can fully understand English, Basque or Swahili.

The majesty of Hebrew is only faintly visible in its offspring. Yet, some continue to maintain that most words are random, meaningless symbols which evolved from your basic caveman grunting.

Hebrew, with its right brain/left brain neurological keyboard demonstrates that Greek and Latin are merely grandparents, while Hebrew is the common ancestor, the original computing language of our biological random access memory, which was scrambled during the output stage by the Master Prog rammer (Tower of Babel story in Genesis).

Don't worry if you have never heard a word in Hebrew or read anything on language, you will soon find out that you have never heard a word that wasn't Hebrew.

While the spelling of biblical words is highly significant, much meaning is lost to those who ignore the sound-alike letter substitution -- one aspect of the divine music that remains unattainable to those who rely solely on available translations. One special aspect of biblical craft remains lost in translation to Greek, Latin, or English.

The language disk in our brain is formatted for language. A unique neurological disturbance may be involved in a phenomenon which allows patients with multiple personalities and people who "speak in tongues" a mysterious facility with unlearned languages.

To uncover the true miracle of language and understanding, we must go on an archeological dig. We must remove the sands of millenia and put away the dictionaries with their quaint myths of standaraized spelling and pronunciation.

The Hebrew etymon breaks the cherished icons of the high priests of voodoo linguistics and secular humanism -- as exemplified in the polygensis theory of language origin, that languages evolved independently. Why do peoples with divergent grammars, the Maya, the Chinese, the Persians and the Greco-Romans, have variations of the Bible's Tower of Babel account or The Flood?

Hebrew's extensively related synonyms and antonyms, along with its modular, reversible two-letter roots, represents a profound system of language that resembles the organicism of natural science rather than the product of human development.

Through the primal Hebrew root hidden behind every English word, a whole new world of order and meaning unfolds.

I shall be providing for this column samples of words from many languages, not just English (where I have 23,000 examples), to reveal their ultimate origin in the language of our first ancestors, Adam and Eve.

I call this original language Edenic, combining Proto-Semitic roots defined in Biblical Hebrew and other Semitic languages. Besides the usual skepticism from Eurocentrics, more intelligent opponents correctly cite that many coincidences result from there being so few different sounds in the human mouth.

True, one may say there only seven basic letters, since all vowels, lip letters (plosives b,f, p, v, w), gutturals (hard c, g, h, j, k, q, x), tooth letters (dentals d, t), liquids (l,r), nasals (m,n)

The trouble with this mathematical objection to my findings (say, linking SKUNK to TSaKHaN, stinker) is that there are a billion billion things/meanings in the universe and I am not linking SKUNK to a word that means giraffe, cupboard, them or heavy.

I want to land a major blow before going several rounds and taking you through lists of common or exotic words and introducing you to their long-lost ancestors (lost since the big bang at Babel, though language corruption continues today, ask anyone in the inner city.) A great deal of work has been done tracing the thousand of languages back to only a dozen superfamilies. For example, Stanford professor JosephH. Greenberg proved that there were only three major American Indian languages, and that the hundreds of "languages" counted in 1985 were merely dialects.

Greenberg's work involved comparative vocabulary, like my own. He was furiously attacked by historical linguists until genetic studies with DNA (similar to the work that proved all homo sapiens derive from one initial "Eve") precisely corroborated his findings both on Native American and African languages.

In Merritt Ruhlen's 1994 book, The Origin of Language (Wiley, NY) there is a chart (page 103) of the best preserved/reconstructed words from a dozen of the planet's language families.

I will attempt to demonstrate that Edenic words provide the clearest origin for these terms, and should not merely be classified as one branch of the Afro-Asiatic family -- which includes Semitic. Letters A, B, and C refer to the African language families called Khosian, Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Kordofanian. D, being Afro-Asiatic and including Hebrew, is the only family where a Semitic source should fit. Language family E is Kartevilian and F is Dravidian (India). G is Eurasiatic (includes Latinate, Germanic and Slavic), H is Dene-Caucasian (includes Chinese). Further from Europe is I (Austric), J (Indo-Pacific), K (Australian) and L (Amerind).

In one example, only families B and F do not have an M-vowel or M-N word for "what?" Four of the groups have MA for "what?" In other words Hebrew Ma (what) is the most popular form of "what?" on the planet. Four other families have an M-N term, like the manna of Exodus 16:15 "for they said to one another 'What is it?'" M-N "what?" terms exist in Amorite and Old Arabic; Aramaic has a similar word meaning "who?"

The above example may have disappointed you for not having an English term offering the shock of the familiar. It disappointed me, because the Edenic fit too easily, as if dispersed mankind clearly remembered the word from Eden rather than used Edenic roots to form a new word slightly "confused" (BiLBaiL since being BaLLed up in the linguistic mixing BowL of Babel) version.

The next example is all about BiLBaiL (confusion). Eight of the twelve language families have a B-L (P-L or B-R) word for "two," since two infers the ambiguous, confusing challenge of multiple alternatives. (As opposed to one; more than two is already a quantity, not a dilemma.) Two, twain, twin, German zwei or Latin duo are familiar, but they do get reconstructed to the most common Euriasiatic "two" - which is ALA.

The Edenic sources for these familiar "two" words include TeoM (twin) and Du- (two, a Hebrew prefix from Aramaic). Besides BaLaL (to mix up), there is BaLooL (blended), the BL root suffixed to IRBaiL (to mix, cause to whirl, confuse) or the words for casting lots: HiPeeL PuR (Esther 3:7). Now you know why REVOLVING BALLS or pelotas (Spanish), blended BALLET movements, choosing by BULLET or BALLOT is as much a BL/BR term of confusion as is the incoherent BABBLE of BARBARIANS (as heard by Latin speakers). You probably don't know that two is mbili in Swahili, and so you'd still like to see a primordial Eurasiatic term that you could recognize in English.

The next Eurasiatic word in Ruhlen's chart of the oldest and most common words in every corner of Earth is "ak(w)a" (water) - which you will recognize in words like AQUATIC. The first time lower water appears in Genesis (1:9) it is [Ye]KaVoo haMaYiM (the waters gather). A MiKVA is a pool of water because water finds its level, and the two-letter root KV or QV means a line or measuring line. People waiting on a British QUE (line), living near the EQUATOR or waiting to live with EQUALITY aspire to the linear quality of Edenic water. Seven of the twelve language families have some form of Kuf-Vav term for water.

The reconstructed terms for water in those groups that do not use the Edenic root for AQUA- words, prefer other Edenic roots, like those found in MaYiM (water), NaHaR (river) and RaToV (wet). If you could taste WET, WATER and VODKA in the Resh-Tet (R/WR-T/D) of this last Edenic word than you should be helping with the research.

The remaining examples are of less interest to those who want to hear Edenic echoes in English. To fly through them, the world's dominant Dental-Guttural term for "one" or "finger" (seen in DIGIT) is KhaD (the Aramaic one, like EKHaD, one, which should be read backwards), the world's most popular word for "arm" links up to KaNeH (source of CANE and used for the arm of a lampstand), the top (and related to SUMMIT) "hair" term is traceable to ZeMeR (wool, animal hair), "smell" words are scented from the S-M root of Edenic words for spices and incense, and, lastly, one has to pluck the PR root of the Edenic bird (ZiPPOR is the source of SPARROW), the flea, the butterfly and the word for departing, fleeing and scattering to catch the PR term of flight that most world languages share.

Many decades before this immense research was available, linguists knew that words like MAMA, PAPA and SACK were nearly universal. Rather than turning to their biblical EMA or ABBA (mom and pop), the anti-Semiticists put their heads in a SaQ (sack), cried "coincidence" or concocted theories.

https://ancient-hebrew.org/edenics/edenics-origins-of-language.htm

NSDAP 1939: The Jewish World Plague

COMMENT: The ideas in this text could pass as journalism on Jihadi websites and, with only slight editing, on dhimmi Israeli Leftist (Marxist) websites and their counterparts in GB, EU, & US. For this reason, Jews should carefully study NSDAP propaganda, and those with the time and ability should draw the parallels and publish their findings.

http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/esser.htm

Background: Hermann Esser was one Hitler's early followers, and second perhaps only to Julius Streicher in crude Jew-baiting. The opening chapter of his 1939 book The Jewish World Plague gives a good example of his style. He finished this edition of the book in January 1939, two months after the anti-Semitic violence of 9 November 1938. Esser feels no sympathy. He suggests the Jews only got what they deserved. The rest of the book continues along similar lines. This is tough material to translate in a way that conveys the style of the original. The book was first published before 1933.

The source: Hermann Esser, Die jüdische Weltpest (Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1939), pp. 9-12.

The Jewish World Plague

by Hermann Esser

1. Fundamentals of the Jewish Question

The treacherous murder of the young German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in the office of the German embassy in Paris on 7 November 1938 by a 17-year-old Jew named Herschel Grünspan is rightly viewed by the entire German people as a contemptible sneaky attack on Adolf Hitler's new Greater Germany. Eighty million people were touched in the depth of their being; justified outrage erupted.
According to their own figures, the Jews, who had been living very well among the German people for centuries, were worth a total of 8 billion marks. When the Reich government required them to pay a penalty of a billion marks, the Jewish-democratic world press howled as if Jews in National Socialist Germany were starving and going to the dogs.

Each German reads with fury what foreign journalists, paid by and working for Jewish money, write about Germany's domestic affairs.

Still, one is surprised that even today one occasionally finds citizens who feel sorry about the money the Jews had to pay, and who in their pubs or family conversations speak about the "poor Jews."
These attitudes prove that, despite constant National Socialist education about the Jewish world plague, there remains much to be done, particularly among the "intellectuals."

The knowledge of the Jew must be brought to every attic and every corner of Greater Germany, the knowledge that the Jew was a world plague from the beginning, remained so for millennia, and will forever remain one.

Each Jew individually, and Jewry as a whole, is without a home. Jewry undermines every people and every state that it infiltrates. It feeds as a parasite and a culture-killing worm in the host people. It grows and grows like weeds in the state, the community, and the family and infests the blood of humanity everywhere.

In brief, that is the pestilential nature of Jewry, against which every people, every state, every nation must, should, and wants to defend itself if it does not want to be the victim of this bloody plague.

Wherever Jewry has appeared, it has never built anything. It has always and everywhere destroyed or torn down, sucking others dry to fill itself. From the days of the Romans to our day, Jewry in every century, in every people, was and remained a foreign body, a destroyer of real and ideal values, a denier of any upward progress, a plague for body and soul. It sneaks in through deceit and treachery, trickery and slyness, murder and assault, understanding how to establish itself.

Throughout history the poets and philosophers, the leaders of industry and science, the leading lights of art and culture, statesmen and economists whose blood was not infected by the Jews, have warned against the Jew in every century. They proclaimed openly and clearly what he is: the plague.
From Tacitus to Schopenauer, from Giordano Bruno to Mommsen and Treitscke, the intellectual heroes of every age have called the Jew the demon of decay, the ferment of decomposition, as the misfortune of the peoples or of humanity.
In the New Testament, the Jews were in Christ's words the "sons of the Devil."

Jewry is the embodiment of materialism, the epitome of sensuality, of greed, of dishonesty, of selfishness, of heartlessness, and the lust for power.

Over the centuries, Jewry has infiltrated every nation and every people, committing with crime after crime. Today it is on top, tomorrow at the bottom, without honor or a sense of honor. It has but one thing: a greedy lust for possession and power, for fame, for suppressing and enslaving the surrounding world.
The cultured peoples, both today and in the past, create and build, proving their worth as the creators and advancers of culture. Jewry was and remains only the corrupter and destroyer of culture.
Everything healthy and great is rooted only in the national. The foundation of a state and the fundamentals of a culture can only be national.
Jewry can never be great, can never create culture, for it is not a people, but rather only a corrupt mixture of inferior desert tribes with no national life or longing, with no proud and famous past.
Jewry has always lived from day to day, not from labor but amassing earthy treasures as its first goal. Even Abraham, Isaac and Jacob received this revelation upon leaving Egypt:

"I shall lead you to the land of your fathers and give you large and beautiful cities that you did not build, and houses full of things that you did not gather, and fallen trees that you did not cut, vineyards and olive groves that you did not plant, and you will eat and be satisfied (Deuteronomy 6:10ff.)

Just as the Jews conquered their "Promised" Land, so it has been with the Jews over the years down to this very day. They come as "foreigners," as "beggars," slinking and groveling, with false humility and dishonest respect. Once they have swindled their way to something, they become thieves and bloodsuckers, either openly or in secret. They turn into thieving and murderous Bolshevist hordes for their host peoples. That happens everywhere.

Jewry has shown itself to be the thief of the material possessions of the host peoples, as a destroyer of culture and as a parasite everywhere and in every way from the dim past through the present day. The double face of Judah grins through the millennia.

The Jew bewitches and exploits the gullible, the ignorant, the trusting. He reserves for himself all the advantages of Mammon and capitalism, wealth and treasures, all the joys and pleasures of life.
Yet for 3,000 years the Jew has complained about oppression and persecution, about hatred and prejudice against him. But the Jewry has gathered and swindled the world's money. The Jews are so oppressed and enslaved that around 17 million of them have gathered about 200 billion marks.

One can hardly speak and write about "poor" Jews.

The history of every age and nation proves, page by page and chapter by chapter, that Jewry always and everywhere has been a homeless racial mish-mash, a world plague. It has remained a world plague to this day and will remain a world plague for all eternity.
That is its "chosenness" from all the peoples of the earth, a "chosenness" of destructive pestilence for the world and for mankind.

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1933 NDSAP Children's games

c.f. Jihadi children's camps in Aza and elsewhere.

http://www.onejerusalem.org/2009/09/100000-gaza-children-train-in.php

http://www.memri.org/subject/en/814.htm

http://bytwerk.com/gpa/ib33-15.htm

Background: With astonishing speed, Nazism infiltrated every aspect of German life. This article, published only ten weeks after Hitler's takeover, shows Munich children playing a game based on the Nazi suppression of the Communist Party (KPD). In February 1933, the S.A. had taken over the KPD's Berlin headquarters, the Liebknechthaus, which the children have turned into a game. The children even establish a "concentration camp" for the captured "communists." I was led to this article by Peter Fritzche's excellent book Life and Death in Nazi Germany. Fritzsche thinks the photos were staged, although I suspect they were based on real activities, with a bit of help from the photographer (e.g., the nicely misspelled "Libknecht Haus" sign).

The source: "Das neue Spiel: S.A. räumt Liebknechthaus," Illustrierter Beobachter, 15 April 1933.

The New Game: The S.A. Cleans up the Liebknecht House

"Clear the Streets for the Brown Battalions!"

The "wounded" are carried off.
"Experts" drill the troops in "Present arms!"

The Liebknecht House's last defenders

The Liebknecht House is captured.

A "concentration camp" is established
in the courtyard.

One is weary after hard political labors.

How often do we think of our own childhood as we watch children play! After finishing the school work — and sometimes before — it was a pleasure to head outside and let childhood fantasy run free in games like thief or cowboys and Indians. Sherlock Holmes and Nat Pinkerton were the models for our inventiveness. Buffalo Bill roused us to courageous deeds, which often ended a free-for-all. We devoured the ten-penny novels, which often led us to imitate their tricks and pranks. Karl May's thick novels did the same, bringing our imagination to a fever pitch.

Our post-war youth do not always have it as easy and pleasant as earlier generations. Particularly in big cities, the lack of room to play has particularly noticeable effects on children. The spiritual pressures of the last fourteen years always weighed heavily on children's souls, hardly allowing their natural playfulness to be expressed. And the asphalt literati thought that it was bad for children to be interested in military games. Such snobs joked about the little lad with a wooden sword and a paper helmet.

In this area, too, much has changed since 5 March [the last real election]. The national revolution also did not leave children's souls untouched. Even the youngest children sing the Horst-Wessel Song with burning enthusiasm and real devotion. The youth greet S.A. and S.S. men with raised arms and a joyous "Heil Hitler." The strong figures in brown shirts earn the respect and quiet admiration of children's hearts, joined with the longing to themselves become such a Hitler soldier.

There is a lot of noise in the courtyard of a large Munich apartment building. The boys have invented a new and lively game. Between them, they have gathered 2.40 marks to buy the necessary equipment. A "Brown House" [Nazi Party headquarters] has been built with cloth and sticks in the center of the courtyard. Inside the tent are a picture of Adolf Hitler, and a postcard with the words of the Horst-Wessel Song. The five- to twelve-year-old boys have done everything themselves. The happy owner of a drum is the leader. They practice hard, and succeed. They study the songs. Things often get lively, for example when the Karl-Liebknechthaus, made of old trash cans, is stormed. It is then searched, and the communists taken off to a concentration camp. The littlest S.A. man is so eager that he is often in the courtyard early in the morning to call his comrades together. He is thought to be very brave. His improvised brown shirt is a little tight around the neck. He can hardly breathe when the collar is buttoned. When a grown-up expressed concern, he proudly answered: "An S.A. man has to be able to put up with that!" With a thoughtful wrinkle of his brow, he got back to work.

In the evening, their mothers call them in for supper. The Sandman then slips into their quiet dreams, drumming and trumpeting, and they sing, attack, and triumph.

The youth once again has a future...

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Holy Land Hoaxes: The Smearing of Israel

Product of the latest UN investigation prejudiced against Israel, the Goldstone Report is out, hiding the truth about Hamas’s war crimes in Gaza.

Richard Landes tells Roger L. Simon why the media won’t come to Israel’s defense. Watch and comment here: http://pjtv.com/v/2978

http://www.pjtv.com/?cmd=video&video-id=2978

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2010-01-21

Remember the Altalena

http://kahane.blogspot.com/2007/07/59-years-since-sinking-of-altalena.html

The story of the massacre of the crew of the Altalena is a very important one which must never be forgotten. It reveals the hypocricy of the left when they talk of how terrible "the murderer" Yigal Amir was for killing one man (who, as it so happens, was one of the murderers who opened fire on the Altalena), whilst at the same time they whitewash and even glorify the actions of the Marxists within the Palmach, who killed so many good Jews on the Altalena; it reminds us of the lengths that these people will go to prevent the rising of a real, proud Jewish State; and it shows us how naive and stupid some people are for their overwhelming belief that pacifist actions will suffice when fighting against the injustices perpetrated by these people.

Never forget.

AT 3:32 AM

1 COMMENTS:

Mike said...

You're right, it's a dark spot on our history. In fact, in Menachem Begin's book "The Revolt" he states that the Hagana leadership told him that they will go to war against him! The Hagana told Begin that if he wants a civil war he can have one, even though Begin stressed every time that he doesn't want power, he is fighting to liberate the homeland! We see it today, appeasement of the Arabs and the cruel treatment towards the Jews. Think about this, in the 21st century, which country expels Jews out of their homes and hands those homes over to an enemy? Not Germany, not Russia, not France... but Israel.

http://www.jackgur.com/FiveChapters.htm

The ALTALENA massacre:

Menachem Begin by reason of his emotional state of mind, could not control his grief over the ALTALENA carnage, and wept in front of the entire world.

He quoted Jabotinsky: Oh, we shall pay you back Cain, we shall pay you back! עוד שלם נשלם לך קין! However, as in the past, Begin did not retaliate, he declared that his intention is to avoid a “civil war.”

Yet many revered IRGUN, and LECHI commanders and soldiers alike, among them many civilians religious and seculars, commentators, and statesmen in Israel, in the USA and Europe, claimed that it was a tragic blunder not to retaliate and punish him.

Since the majority in Israel and abroad detested the British/Nazi regime in the Land of Israel, and sided with Jabotinsky’s camp even before the outrageous saizon period, when Ben-Gurion and his henchmen marched in the streets of Jerusalem, Tel-Aviv and Haifa, with the red flag, chanting the Internationale in our Hebrew tongue, and proclaiming: Stalin is the Sun!

And the - alienated and divided religious parties? Specifically their leaders? Well, for Etnan zonah (harlot’s-pay) they sided with the Sanballats. What is Etnan zonah asked the Medrash Tmurah? And the Medrash answered:

One who says to the harlot: Take this lamb for your wages…

Thus the religious leaders collaborated with the Sanballats—

inflicting on us bloody destructive events to this day!

So here again distinguished readers—you be the judge!

The ALTALENA fully equipped... The ALTALENA on fire

The vicious crime of bombarding the ALTALENA, murdering 32 children of Israel freedom fighters in the confrontation with the enemy within headed by Devil Ben-Gurion.

In addition, according to independent military analysts, confirmed by the heads of the Haganah, the Altalena carried weapons and equipment [which have been obtained with blood and sweat] would have saved the lives of thousands killed in the battles against those Arab/Hitlerites, whose sole aim was to annihilate the fledgling State and murder the הפליטה שארית -- the children of Israel which had survived the Holocaust.

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The Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate on Palestine

http://www.2nd-thoughts.org/id174.html

The Balfour Declaration

November 2nd, 1917

Dear Lord Rothschild,

I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.

"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."

I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.

Yours sincerely,

Arthur James Balfour

The Palestine Mandate
The Council of the League of Nations:
July 24, 1922
Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have agreed, for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, to entrust to a Mandatory selected by the said Powers the administration of the territory of Palestine, which formerly belonged to the Turkish Empire, within such boundaries as may be fixed by them; and
Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have also agreed that the Mandatory should be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by the said Powers, in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing should be done which might prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country; and
Whereas recognition has thereby been given to the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country; and
Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have selected His Britannic Majesty as the Mandatory for Palestine; and
Whereas the mandate in respect of Palestine has been formulated in the following terms and submitted to the Council of the League for approval; and
Whereas His Britannic Majesty has accepted the mandate in respect of Palestine and undertaken to exercise it on behalf of the League of Nations in conformity with the following provisions; and
Whereas by the afore-mentioned Article 22 (paragraph 8), it is provided that the degree of authority, control or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory, not having been previously agreed upon by the Members of the League, shall be explicitly defined by the Council of the League Of Nations; confirming the said Mandate, defines its terms as follows:

ARTICLE 1. The Mandatory shall have full powers of legislation and of administration, save as they may be limited by the terms of this mandate.

ART. 2. The Mandatory shall be responsible for placing the country under such political, administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish national home, as laid down in the preamble, and the development of self-governing institutions, and also for safeguarding the civil and religious rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race and religion.

ART. 3. The Mandatory shall, so far as circumstances permit, encourage local autonomy.

ART. 4. An appropriate Jewish agency shall be recognised as a public body for the purpose of advising and co-operating with the Administration of Palestine in such economic, social and other matters as may affect the establishment of the Jewish national home and the interests of the Jewish population in Palestine, and, subject always to the control of the Administration to assist and take part in the development of the country.
The Zionist organization, so long as its organization and constitution are in the opinion of the Mandatory appropriate, shall be recognised as such agency. It shall take steps in consultation with His Britannic Majesty's Government to secure the co-operation of all Jews who are willing to assist in the establishment of the Jewish national home.

ART. 5. The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that no Palestine territory shall be ceded or leased to, or in any way placed under the control of the Government of any foreign Power.

ART. 6. The Administration of Palestine, while ensuring that the rights and position of other sections of the population are not prejudiced, shall facilitate Jewish immigration under suitable conditions and shall encourage, in co-operation with the Jewish agency referred to in Article 4, close settlement by Jews on the land, including State lands and waste lands not required for public purposes.

ART. 7. The Administration of Palestine shall be responsible for enacting a nationality law. There shall be included in this law provisions framed so as to facilitate the acquisition of Palestinian citizenship by Jews who take up their permanent residence in Palestine.

ART. 8. The privileges and immunities of foreigners, including the benefits of consular jurisdiction and protection as formerly enjoyed by Capitulation or usage in the Ottoman Empire, shall not be applicable in Palestine.
Unless the Powers whose nationals enjoyed the afore-mentioned privileges and immunities on August 1st, 1914, shall have previously renounced the right to their re-establishment, or shall have agreed to their non-application for a specified period, these privileges and immunities shall, at the expiration of the mandate, be immediately reestablished in their entirety or with such modifications as may have been agreed upon between the Powers concerned.

ART. 9. The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that the judicial system established in Palestine shall assure to foreigners, as well as to natives, a complete guarantee of their rights.
Respect for the personal status of the various peoples and communities and for their religious interests shall be fully guaranteed. In particular, the control and administration of Wakfs shall be exercised in accordance with religious law and the dispositions of the founders.

ART. 10. Pending the making of special extradition agreements relating to Palestine, the extradition treaties in force between the Mandatory and other foreign Powers shall apply to Palestine.

ART. 11. The Administration of Palestine shall take all necessary measures to safeguard the interests of the community in connection with the development of the country, and, subject to any international obligations accepted by the Mandatory, shall have full power to provide for public ownership or control of any of the natural resources of the country or of the public works, services and utilities established or to be established therein. It shall introduce a land system appropriate to the needs of the country, having regard, among other things, to the desirability of promoting the close settlement and intensive cultivation of the land.
The Administration may arrange with the Jewish agency mentioned in Article 4 to construct or operate, upon fair and equitable terms, any public works, services and utilities, and to develop any of the natural resources of the country, in so far as these matters are not directly undertaken by the Administration. Any such arrangements shall provide that no profits distributed by such agency, directly or indirectly, shall exceed a reasonable rate of interest on the capital, and any further profits shall be utilised by it for the benefit of the country in a manner approved by the Administration.

ART. 12. The Mandatory shall be entrusted with the control of the foreign relations of Palestine and the right to issue exequaturs to consuls appointed by foreign Powers. He shall also be entitled to afford diplomatic and consular protection to citizens of Palestine when outside its territorial limits.

ART. 13. All responsibility in connection with the Holy Places and religious buildings or sites in Palestine, including that of preserving existing rights and of securing free access to the Holy Places, religious buildings and sites and the free exercise of worship, while ensuring the requirements of public order and decorum, is assumed by the Mandatory, who shall be responsible solely to the League of Nations in all matters connected herewith, provided that nothing in this article shall prevent the Mandatory from entering into such arrangements as he may deem reasonable with the Administration for the purpose of carrying the provisions of this article into effect; and provided also that nothing in this mandate shall be construed as conferring upon the Mandatory authority to interfere with the fabric or the management of purely Moslem sacred shrines, the immunities of which are guaranteed.

ART. 14. A special commission shall be appointed by the Mandatory to study, define and determine the rights and claims in connection with the Holy Places and the rights and claims relating to the different religious communities in Palestine. The method of nomination, the composition and the functions of this Commission shall be submitted to the Council of the League for its approval, and the Commission shall not be appointed or enter upon its functions without the approval of the Council.

ART. 15. The Mandatory shall see that complete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, are ensured to all. No discrimination of any kind shall be made between the inhabitants of Palestine on the ground of race, religion or language. No person shall be excluded from Palestine on the sole ground of his religious belief.
The right of each community to maintain its own schools for the education of its own members in its own language, while conforming to such educational requirements of a general nature as the Administration may impose, shall not be denied or impaired.

ART. 16. The Mandatory shall be responsible for exercising such supervision over religious or eleemosynary bodies of all faiths in Palestine as may be required for the maintenance of public order and good government. Subject to such supervision, no measures shall be taken in Palestine to obstruct or interfere with the enterprise of such bodies or to discriminate against any representative or member of them on the ground of his religion or nationality.

ART. 17. The Administration of Palestine may organise on a voluntary basis the forces necessary for the preservation of peace and order, and also for the defence of the country, subject, however, to the supervision of the Mandatory, but shall not use them for purposes other than those above specified save with the consent of the Mandatory. Except for such purposes, no military, naval or air forces shall be raised or maintained by the Administration of Palestine.
Nothing in this article shall preclude the Administration of Palestine from contributing to the cost of the maintenance of the forces of the Mandatory in Palestine.
The Mandatory shall be entitled at all times to use the roads, railways and ports of Palestine for the movement of armed forces and the carriage of fuel and supplies.

ART. 18. The Mandatory shall see that there is no discrimination in Palestine against the nationals of any State Member of the League of Nations (including companies incorporated under its laws) as compared with those of the Mandatory or of any foreign State in matters concerning taxation, commerce or navigation, the exercise of industries or professions, or in the treatment of merchant vessels or civil aircraft. Similarly, there shall be no discrimination in Palestine against goods originating in or destined for any of the said States, and there shall be freedom of transit under equitable conditions across the mandated area.
Subject as aforesaid and to the other provisions of this mandate, the Administration of Palestine may, on the advice of the Mandatory, impose such taxes and customs duties as it may consider necessary, and take such steps as it may think best to promote the development of the natural resources of the country and to safeguard the interests of the population. It may also, on the advice of the Mandatory, conclude a special customs agreement with any State the territory of which in 1914 was wholly included in Asiatic Turkey or Arabia.

ART. 19. The Mandatory shall adhere on behalf of the Administration of Palestine to any general international conventions already existing, or which may be concluded hereafter with the approval of the League of Nations, respecting the slave traffic, the traffic in arms and ammunition, or the traffic in drugs, or relating to commercial equality, freedom of transit and navigation, aerial navigation and postal, telegraphic and wireless communication or literary, artistic or industrial property.

ART. 20. The Mandatory shall co-operate on behalf of the Administration of Palestine, so far as religious, social and other conditions may permit, in the execution of any common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing and combating disease, including diseases of plants and animals.

ART. 21. The Mandatory shall secure the enactment within twelve months from this date, and shall ensure the execution of a Law of Antiquities based on the following rules. This law shall ensure equality of treatment in the matter of excavations and archaeological research to the nationals of all States Members of the League of Nations.
(1) "Antiquity" means any construction or any product of human activity earlier than the year 1700 A. D.
(2) The law for the protection of antiquities shall proceed by encouragement rather than by threat.
Any person who, having discovered an antiquity without being furnished with the authorization referred to in paragraph 5, reports the same to an official of the competent Department, shall be rewarded according to the value of the discovery.
(3) No antiquity may be disposed of except to the competent Department, unless this Department renounces the acquisition of any such antiquity.
No antiquity may leave the country without an export licence from the said Department.
(4) Any person who maliciously or negligently destroys or damages an antiquity shall be liable to a penalty to be fixed.
(5) No clearing of ground or digging with the object of finding antiquities shall be permitted, under penalty of fine, except to persons authorised by the competent Department.
(6) Equitable terms shall be fixed for expropriation, temporary or permanent, of lands which might be of historical or archaeological interest.
(7) Authorization to excavate shall only be granted to persons who show sufficient guarantees of archaeological experience. The Administration of Palestine shall not, in granting these authorizations, act in such a way as to exclude scholars of any nation without good grounds.
(8) The proceeds of excavations may be divided between the excavator and the competent Department in a proportion fixed by that Department. If division seems impossible for scientific reasons, the excavator shall receive a fair indemnity in lieu of a part of the find.

ART. 22. English, Arabic and Hebrew shall be the official languages of Palestine. Any statement or inscription in Arabic on stamps or money in Palestine shall be repeated in Hebrew and any statement or inscription in Hebrew shall be repeated in Arabic.

ART. 23. The Administration of Palestine shall recognise the holy days of the respective communities in Palestine as legal days of rest for the members of such communities.

ART. 24. The Mandatory shall make to the Council of the League of Nations an annual report to the satisfaction of the Council as to the measures taken during the year to carry out the provisions of the mandate. Copies of all laws and regulations promulgated or issued during the year shall be communicated with the report.

ART. 25. In the territories lying between the Jordan and the eastern boundary of Palestine as ultimately determined, the Mandatory shall be entitled, with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations, to postpone or withhold application of such provisions of this mandate as he may consider inapplicable to the existing local conditions, and to make such provision for the administration of the territories as he may consider suitable to those conditions, provided that no action shall be taken which is inconsistent with the provisions of Articles 15, 16 and 18.

ART. 26. The Mandatory agrees that, if any dispute whatever should arise between the Mandatory and another member of the League of Nations relating to the interpretation or the application of the provisions of the mandate, such dispute, if it cannot be settled by negotiation, shall be submitted to the Permanent Court of International Justice provided for by Article 14 of the Covenant of the League of Nations.

ART. 27. The consent of the Council of the League of Nations is required for any modification of the terms of this mandate.

ART. 28. In the event of the termination of the mandate hereby conferred upon the Mandatory, the Council of the League of Nations shall make such arrangements as may be deemed necessary for safeguarding in perpetuity, under guarantee of the League, the rights secured by Articles 13 and 14, and shall use its influence for securing, under the guarantee of the League, that the Government of Palestine will fully honour the financial obligations legitimately incurred by the Administration of Palestine during the period of the mandate, including the rights of public servants to pensions or gratuities.
The present instrument shall be deposited in original in the archives of the League of Nations and certified copies shall be forwarded by the Secretary-General of the League of Nations to all members of the League.

Done at London the twenty-fourth day of July, one thousand nine hundred and twenty-two.

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Jordan illegally entered the West Bank and East Jerusalem in 1948 and remained in occupation until 1967

q.v. http://www.mythsandfacts.com/index.asp http://www.justicenow4israel.com/ http://alargerisrael.com/

http://www.2nd-thoughts.org/id44.html

Jordan illegally entered the West Bank and East Jerusalem in 1948 and remained in occupation until 1967. It attempted to annex the territory in 1951, but that annexation was recognized only by Britain and Pakistan; not even by Egypt nor any other Arab state.

Egypt, similarly occupied Gaza in 1948 in violation of UN resolution 181, but unlike Jordan Egypt did not attempt to annex it and significantly, did not accept the return of Gaza in its peace agreement with Israel.

That territorial adjustments were contemplated from the earliest days is confirmed by article II.2. of the 1949 Jordanian-Israeli General Armistice Agreement, which specifically stated: "no provision of this Agreement shall in any way prejudice the rights, claims, and positions of either Party hereto in the peaceful settlement of the Palestine questions, the provisions of this Agreement being dictated exclusively by military considerations".

As Jordan no longer makes any claim to the West Bank and Egypt makes no claim on Gaza the only remaining claimants are Israel and the Palestinians. As to who has the stronger claim, the Palestinians never had any title to these territories. Moreover, international law distinguishes clearly between "aggressive conquest" and territorial acquisition after a war of self-defense. Former US State Department Legal Advisor Stephen Schwebel, who later headed the International Court of Justice in the Hague, wrote in 1970 regarding Israel's case: "Where the prior holder of territory had seized that territory unlawfully, the state which subsequently takes that territory in the lawful exercise of self-defense has, against that prior holder, better title”

Significantly, even the UN rejected Soviet efforts to have Israel branded as the aggressor in the Six-Day War.

In these circumstances, the most accurate and realistic description of the West Bank and Gaza is disputed territory, whose final disposition will be determined by negotiation as provided in resolution 242 (about which more later).

“Disputed”, rather than “occupied” territories is the designation used in other similar situations such as Kashmir,

which is claimed by India, Pakistan, and the Kashmiris and even the Northwest Passage which Canada claims as part of its territorial waters, while the United States regards it as international waters, not to speak of Taiwan and Tibet.

(See "Disputed territories around the world

It is ironical that neither Jordan nor Egypt offered to create a Palestinian state in these territories when they were in a position to do so.

Legality of the occupation

Quite apart from its historical ties to Judea, Samaria and especially Jerusalem, Israel has a very strong claim to both territories. They were unambiguously allocated to the Jewish state in the League of Nations Mandate the preamble of which stated that its purpose was "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people in Mandatory Palestine" (which included not only present day Israel, but also the West Bank and what is now known as Jordan).

Jordan was hived off in terms of Article 25, of the mandate, which entitled the Mandatory, with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations, to postpone or withhold application of such provisions of the mandate, as it may consider inapplicable to the existing local conditions. As such permission was given in respect of territory east, but not west of the Jordan, the West Bank, Jerusalem and present day Israel remained allocated for the Jewish national home. Their capture by Israel in a defensive war from states that originally seized them by armed aggression was therefore fully justified.

The late Eugene W. Rostow, who played a leading role in producing the famous Resolution 242, as well as the late Professor Julius Stone, one of the twentieth century's leading authorities on the Law of Nations, both pronounced that the Jewish right of settlement in the area is equivalent in every way to the right of the existing Palestinian population to live there. According to Rostow, the Armistice Lines of 1949, which are part of the West Bank boundary, represent nothing but the position of the contending armies when the final cease-fire was achieved in the War of Independence. And the Armistice Agreements specifically provide, except in the case of Lebanon, that the demarcation lines can be changed only by agreement when the parties move from armistice to peace. Resolution 242 is based on that provision of the Armistice Agreements and states certain criteria that would justify changes in the demarcation lines when the parties make peace. (See articles by Rostow)

Acknowledgement of the legality of the occupation does not preclude advocating withdrawal from part or all of the West Bank in order to achieve a peaceful settlement. It is however, intellectually dishonest to use the invalid assumption that the occupation is illegal to bolster a case for such withdrawal.

The legal position

An authoritative clear analysis of the legal status of the West bank and Gaza in terms of international law, by Australian lawyer, Ian Lacey, is available at

http://www.aijac.org.au/resources/reports/international_law.pdf

In an update, Ian lacey adds

that in his view, any possible concept of an occupation came to an end with the Oslo Accords.

The current binding legal instrument under the Accords is the Interim Agreement of 1995, which governs the status of the Territories on an interim basis until a final status agreement is negotiated. Under Article XI all of the civil powers and responsibilities in the whole of the Territories are now exercised by the Palestinian Authority, although in the lightly populated area still defined as Area C, this does not include powers relating to territory. The result is that 100% of the Palestinian population of the territories is presently governed by the Palestinian Authority.

|Under Article XII(1), ie. by express agreement with the Palestinians, Israel retains responsibility for defense and the overall security of Israelis and settlements, and has the powers to take the steps necessary to meet this responsibility. In other words Israel forces are present in the Territories by agreement and only to the extent made necessary by attacks on Israelis.

Further, under Article XXXI permanent status negotiations are to include Jerusalem, Settlements and Borders. In other words it is expressly acknowledged that existing Settlements are not illegal during the interim period, and that ultimate borders will be subject to negotiation. This reinforces the description of the Territories as disputed. As can be seen, they are certainly not occupied in any sense.

The legal position may enter a state of flux as a result of the election of a Palestinian government which has expressly stated that it does not intend to enter into the permanent status negotiations contemplated by Oslo. If the Interim Agreement were to be officially repudiated by the PA, and if that repudiation was officially accepted by Israel, then the legal situation would revert to the status quo ante. Israel would remain the only State body entitled to exercise sovereignty in the Territories, certainly until a permanent peace was negotiated, and arguably with a right of unilateral annexation, in whole or part, for the purposes of defense against future aggression, and as occurred in Europe after the Second World War.

What is meant by “end the occupation”?

The mantra 'end the occupation' is in itself wooly and should not be used without clarification of its intended meaning. Some assume it refers only to territory gained by Israel in 1967. Others refer to all land beyond the 1947 partition boundaries. But the insurmountable obstacle to any long-term peaceful solution is that many Palestinian and Arab spokespeople openly declare that there is no place for Israel at all and that they will continue their attacks until Israel ceases to exist. Until his last days, the late Chairman Arafat wore a badge on his uniform depicting a Palestinian state, which included the entire area of present-day Israel, from the Jordan to the Mediterranean. This strategic Palestinian goal goes a long way to explain the dramatic rise in terror attacks while peace talks were in progress during 1993 and 1994.

Israel's withdrawal from Gaza and parts of the West Bank should not be seen as correction of an illegal situation. Rather it is a declaration, that despite Israel's presence in these territories being completely justified by the circumstances, which prompted the 1967 war, and despite their legality in terms of international law, withdrawals and territorial adjustments have been made and more will be offered in a sincere effort to attain a meaningful peace.

Very few indeed, even among the most ardent advocates of 'ending the occupation' call for Israel to relinquish, the Western Wall and access to Mount Scopus which had been inaccessible to Israel prior to 1967. If suggestions for a settlement are to be meaningful, the misleading expression 'end the occupation' must be avoided and replaced by the concept of 'territorial compromise' as contemplated in the careful wording of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. These resolutions require the Arab states and Israel to make peace, and that when "a just and lasting peace" is reached in the Middle East, Israel should withdraw from some but not all of the territory it occupied in the course of the 1967 war. The Resolutions leave it to the parties to agree on the peace borders.

Much has been written about the implications of Resolution 242 and if we are to avoid the distortions introduced by propagandists, obviously, the most reliable source from whom to seek clarification are the persons who drafted it. In drafting Resolution 242, British Ambassador to the UN in 1967, Lord Caradon, and American Ambassador, Arthur Goldberg, deliberately omitted a demand for Israel to return to the pre-1967 borders. In an interview in the Beirut Daily Star on June 12, 1974, Lord Caradon stated:

"It would have been wrong to demand that Israel return to its positions of June 4, 1967 because these positions were undesirable and artificial. After all, they were just the places where the soldiers on each side happened to be on the day the fighting stopped in 1948. They were just armistice lines. That's why we didn't demand that the Israelis return to them, and I think we were right not to."

Black September

NOTE: JORDAN IS "PALESTINE"

In the second episode of this six-part series, Al Jazeera looks at the events that led to the PLO's expulsion from Jordan and the birth of the Black September Organisation.

The Palestinians took full advantage of the state of chaos that followed Arab defeat in the 1967 Six-Day war.

Palestinian guerrilla factions consolidated their grip on the refugee camps in Arab states and hundreds of fresh recruits swelled their ranks.

The image of the young fedayeen - or freedom fighters - clad in the traditional Palestinian headscarf became an icon of resistance.

While some Arab regimes vied for influence among the Palestinians as a way of gaining leverage on the regional scene, not all held the Palestinians in such high esteem.

In Jordan, armed Palestinians strolled through the streets - enjoying freedom of movement and launching operations from Jordanian territory against Israel.

A bloody showdown was on the horizon - not with Israel, but with fellow Arabs.

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2010-01-20

Israel: IDF on brink of abyss over draft dodging

NOTE: Voltaire.net is a Marxist propaganda site.

http://www.voltairenet.org/article163565.html

Israeli Army’s Personnel Directorate chief, Major-General Avi Zamir, says number of Jewish youths evading military service may reach 40% over next decade.

Zamir, who focused on the rising numbers of draft dodgers, warned that the coming decade may see up to 40% of Jewish teenager evade military service.

The situation, he added, can turn even worse: "Taking into consideration Israeli Arab youths, we are facing a situation in which 70% of youths will not enlist to military to national service".

"Even now the notion of ’the people’s army’ is fraying and if these trends continue we’ll be on the brink of an abyss," he said.

According to IDF (Israel Defense Forces) data for 2008, 72% of teenage Jewish boys and 54% of girls enlist in the military, placing draft dodging rates at 37%.

Zamir was especially critical of the 38% of teenage girls who use a false claim of religious observance to dodge the draft. "That, to me, is cynical abuse of the law. We’re not too far off from seeing those numbers hit 50%."

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The Power of Political Misinformation

http://www.2nd-thoughts.org/id204.html

By Shankar Vedantam
Monday, September 15, 2008; A06

Have you seen the photo of Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin brandishing a rifle while wearing a U.S. flag bikini? Have you read the e-mail saying Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama was sworn into the U.S. Senate with his hand placed on the Koran? Both are fabricated -- and are among the hottest pieces of misinformation in circulation.

As the presidential campaign heats up, intense efforts are underway to debunk rumors and misinformation. Nearly all these efforts rest on the assumption that good information is the antidote to misinformation.

But a series of new experiments show that misinformation can exercise a ghostly influence on people's minds after it has been debunked -- even among people who recognize it as misinformation. In some cases, correcting misinformation serves to increase the power of bad information.

In experiments conducted by political scientist John Bullock at Yale University, volunteers were given various items of political misinformation from real life. One group of volunteers was shown a transcript of an ad created by NARAL Pro-Choice America that accused John G. Roberts Jr., President Bush's nominee to the Supreme Court at the time, of "supporting violent fringe groups and a convicted clinic bomber."

A variety of psychological experiments have shown that political misinformation primarily works by feeding into people's preexisting views. People who did not like Roberts to begin with, then, ought to have been most receptive to the damaging allegation, and this is exactly what Bullock found. Democrats were far more likely than Republicans to disapprove of Roberts after hearing the allegation.

Bullock then showed volunteers a refutation of the ad by abortion-rights supporters. He also told the volunteers that the advocacy group had withdrawn the ad. Although 56 percent of Democrats had originally disapproved of Roberts before hearing the misinformation, 80 percent of Democrats disapproved of the Supreme Court nominee afterward. Upon hearing the refutation, Democratic disapproval of Roberts dropped only to 72 percent.

Republican disapproval of Roberts rose after hearing the misinformation but vanished upon hearing the correct information. The damaging charge, in other words, continued to have an effect even after it was debunked among precisely those people predisposed to buy the bad information in the first place.

Bullock found a similar effect when it came to misinformation about abuses at the U.S. detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Volunteers were shown a Newsweekreport that suggested a Koran had been flushed down a toilet, followed by a retraction by the magazine. Where 56 percent of Democrats had disapproved of detainee treatment before they were misinformed about the Koran incident, 78 percent disapproved afterward. Upon hearing the refutation, Democratic disapproval dropped back only to 68 percent -- showing that misinformation continued to affect the attitudes of Democrats even after they knew the information was false.

Bullock and others have also shown that some refutations can strengthen misinformation, especially among conservatives.

Political scientists Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler provided two groups of volunteers with the Bush administration's prewar claims that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. One group was given a refutation -- the comprehensive 2004 Duelfer report that concluded that Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction before the United States invaded in 2003. Thirty-four percent of conservatives told only about the Bush administration's claims thought Iraq had hidden or destroyed its weapons before the U.S. invasion, but 64 percent of conservatives who heard both claim and refutation thought that Iraq really did have the weapons. The refutation, in other words, made the misinformation worse.

A similar "backfire effect" also influenced conservatives told about Bush administration assertions that tax cuts increase federal revenue. One group was offered a refutation by prominent economists that included current and former Bush administration officials. About 35 percent of conservatives told about the Bush claim believed it; 67 percent of those provided with both assertion and refutation believed that tax cuts increase revenue.

In a paper approaching publication, Nyhan, a PhD student at Duke University, and Reifler, at Georgia State University, suggest that Republicans might be especially prone to the backfire effect because conservatives may have more rigid views than liberals: Upon hearing a refutation, conservatives might "argue back" against the refutation in their minds, thereby strengthening their belief in the misinformation. Nyhan and Reifler did not see the same "backfire effect" when liberals were given misinformation and a refutation about the Bush administration's stance on stem cell research. Bullock, Nyhan and Reifler are all Democrats.

Reifler questioned attempts to debunk rumors and misinformation on the campaign trail, especially among conservatives: "Sarah Palin says she was against the Bridge to Nowhere," he said, referring to the pork-barrel project Palin once supported before she reversed herself. "Sending those corrections to committed Republicans is not going to be effective, and they in fact may come to believe even more strongly that she was always against the Bridge to Nowhere."

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2010-01-19

Kanamits Offer Peace & Prosperity

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2010-01-18

Maps of Historical Israel, Palestine, and the Region

http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_maps.php

British Mandate for Palestine 1920-1948

Many of the issues concerning Israel and historical Palestine involve geography; nothing helps more than good maps to improve understanding. In this section, we recommend sources of good maps covering the history, current status, and issues still in dispute regarding Israel and the region.

As with any "historical document" maps should be carefully evaluated. For example, the borders of the Palestine region prior to the British Mandate were undefined, particularly in desert regions with no settled population. The British Mandate from the League of Nations left borders subject to interpretation, leading to disputes that took many years to resolve including some not yet resolved. And there is no one map of the "Barak proposals in 2000" -- as various meetings were held, many proposals were made, modified, and revised so maps have to be carefully anchored in time and related to specific meetings and proposals. An earlier or later map may have offered more or fewer concessions from Israel.

This page was prepared in cooperation with Dr Motti Friedman and Gila Ansell Brauner of the The Pedagogic Center, The Department for Jewish Zionist Education, The Jewish Agency for Israel.

Israel and Palestine: Before 1948

Israel and Region: 1948 to 1967

Israel and Region: Since 1967

Satellite Images

Invalid Palestinian Arab Maps

Anti-Israel forces have made an industry out of producing invalid maps that either deny the existence of Israel altogether or distort the history and modern situation. This section presents a few examples.

Sources and additional reading on this topic:

Hasbara Maps, The Department for Jewish Zionist Education, The Jewish Agency for Israel
Israel in Maps, State of Israel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Maps of Israeli Interests in Judea and Samaria, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies
Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement Maps, State of Israel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Map Room, Focus on Jerusalem
A Land Divided, Time Magazine
Palestine Boundaries 1833-1947, Archive Editions, publisher's description
Maps of Israel, Jewish Internet Association
Ancient Maps of Jerusalem, The Jewish National and University Library & The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Settlement Maps extracted from reports published by the Foundation for Middle East Peace

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2010-01-14

For want of a nail

For want of a nail, the shoe was lost;
For want of the shoe, the horse was lost;
For want of the horse, the rider was lost;
For want of the rider, the battle was lost;
For want of the battle, the kingdom was lost;
And all for the want of a horseshoe nail

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